D2282/D211
Dublin Core
Title
D2282/D211
Subject
Dmanisi skull 2
Source
Tsvariani, D. (n.d.). Hominins. Retrieved April 18, 2017, from http://dmanisi.ge/page?id=12&lang=en
Fossil Item Type Metadata
Discoverer(s)
A team led by Leo Gabunia
Specimen Name/Nickname
Dmanisi Skull 2
Location (Country)
Republic of Georgia
Site (Name)
Dmanisi
Discovery Date
1999
Specimen/Species Time Range
1.77 million years old
Dating Method
In 2000, uneroded basaltic lava under the Dmanisi site was absolutely dated to 1.85 million years ago.
Specimen Data (Morphology)
This skull (D2822) is associated with a mandible (D211) discovered by Antje Justus in 1991. It was the first hominin fossil found at the site, opening the conversation about the first hominins to leave Africa.
The mandible is missing both rami, but the U-shape of the jaw is well preserved. All 16 of the individual's lower teeth are intact and show a relatively small amount of wear.
Much of D2822's face and brain case are preserved, but there is a large amount of post-mortem deformation. In accordance with the other fossils, D2822 was small with a cranial capacity of 650-660 cm3. The muscle attachments that can be discerned are gracile and the cranial sutures are not completely developed. This leads paleoanthropologists to believe this specimen belonged to an old subadult or a young adult. The features also point slightly towards the skull belonging to a female individual.
The mandible is missing both rami, but the U-shape of the jaw is well preserved. All 16 of the individual's lower teeth are intact and show a relatively small amount of wear.
Much of D2822's face and brain case are preserved, but there is a large amount of post-mortem deformation. In accordance with the other fossils, D2822 was small with a cranial capacity of 650-660 cm3. The muscle attachments that can be discerned are gracile and the cranial sutures are not completely developed. This leads paleoanthropologists to believe this specimen belonged to an old subadult or a young adult. The features also point slightly towards the skull belonging to a female individual.
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